**One of the Major contributions of Fez **
Due to the city of Fez's water flow and the numerous springs and rivers that converge with the main river of Al Jawahir, Fez has a rich history of leather tanning, with numerous tanneries operating for many centuries. Throughout time, the tanning craft of Fez has given Morocco a reputation for producing the finest leather goods. It is known that the leather goods trade is referred to as “Marocainerie” worldwide. While many have disappeared over time, some remain active today.
Historical Tanneries That Have Vanished Over time, several tanneries in Fez have ceased operations due to urban development, environmental concerns, or economic changes. One such tannery was located in the Rhabet Tben area near Rcif. While specific historical records about this tannery are scarce, its existence contributes to the understanding of Fez's extensive leatherworking heritage. Historical sources indicate that during the Almohad period (late 12th to early 13th centuries), there were approximately 86 tanning workshops in Fez. This number reportedly increased to around 100 during the Marinid period (late 13th to 15th centuries). These workshops were integral to the city's economy, producing leather goods that were exported as far as Baghdad.
Indeed, the Bin Lemdoune area in Fez has historical ties to the city's renowned leather tanning industry. While detailed records about a specific tannery in Bin Lamdoune are scarce, the area is situated near the Bin Lemdoune River, which has been associated with tannery activities. A study on bacterial diversity in Fez tanneries and the Bin Lamdoune River indicates the presence of tannery wastewater in the river, suggesting that tanneries are operating in the vicinity.
For those interested in exploring the remnants of these historical sites, local archives or guided tours focusing on Fez's artisanal history may provide more in-depth information. Engaging with local historians or cultural preservation societies could also yield valuable insights into the lesser-known tanneries of Fez. However, there are some tanneries outside the Medina with innovative tanning methods in the Ain Nokbi area, east of Fez.
Here's an overview of notable tanneries, including the lesser-known ones:
Notable Tanneries in Fez
Chouara Tannery
- Established: Believed to date back to the 11th century.
- Location: Situated in Fes El-Bali near the Saffarin Madrasa along the Oued Fes.
- Significance: The largest and most renowned tannery in Fez, known for its vibrant dyeing vats and traditional leather-making techniques.
Sidi Moussa Tannery (Guerniz Tannery)
- Established: References date back to the early 12th century.
- Location: Located in the Guerniz neighborhood, near the Zawiya of Moulay Idris II and the Nejjarine Museum.
- Significance: One of the oldest tanneries in the city, historically specializing in treating cow skins.
Ain Azliten Tannery
- Established: Founded at the end of the 18th century.
- Location: Situated in the Ain Azliten district on the northern edge of Fes el-Bali.
- Significance: Known for its traditional methods and scenic views, it's one of the three main tanneries still operating in Fez. By: Hamid Mernissi
